US-China tensions: The world on the brink of World War III

Like Washington, China is asking countries today whether you are with us or against us

After the recent Indo-China border tensions in Ladakh, fears of a full-scale war are being expressed in the European media. Has also offered mediation, while India and China are increasing the number of troops on the border.

According to Indian claims, China has reached inside the Line of Actual Control (LAC). Have been installed

 According to Indian claims, China is also building bunkers with the help of Indian machinery. To understand this dispute, one has to look at the Indo-China border dispute from the 1950s onwards. It can be very helpful to understand

This working paper was previously considered a top secret but has now been declassified. This working paper is based on the situation from early 1959 to the end of 1963. CIA Central Intelligence Bulletin issued on October 24, 1959. Also highlights the Sino-Indian border clash. According to the CIA's Central Intelligence Bulletin, New Delhi strongly protested the October 21 border clash, which killed 17 soldiers in the Ladakh region of East Kashmir. A New Delhi spokesman strongly denied China's claim. Denied that Indian troops had infiltrated Chinese territory and opened fire on a convoy of Chinese patrols.

In the eyes of the US CIA, the incident did not take place as planned because the two governments were preparing for talks. China had taken a stand on the fact that its troops were forced to fire in self-defense. Given that steps should be taken to prevent future violations of China's borders. The intelligence bulletin said that Nehru had said on October 8 that his government would not carry out any military operation on the occasion. Maze Tung also recently assured the Indian communists that China had no intention of aggression against India. In its analysis, the IA said that the Ladakh incident and the protest statements from both sides could harden the position of the Indian people and authorities, which could create obstacles in the favorable environment for which Maze demands before the CIA talks. According to the K working paper, on November 10, Nehru set a precondition for negotiations that troops on both sides return to their traditional positions on the LAC.

On December 17, Chinese Prime Minister Zhou Enlai wrote a reply letter stating that Indian conditions or proposals were a matter of theory, as no Indian troops were present at the place from which the Indian withdrawal was being proposed. He said the area was important for connecting Xinjiang and Tibet, a vast area. The Indian government had expressed ignorance of any road construction by China in the area until September 1958 and instructed its ambassadors around the world to take a similar stance. That interference by a neighboring country does not justify a legal right to the territory on the grounds that the country was unaware of the interference in its territory or did not resist

In his letter, Chu Enlai wrote that China had stopped military patrols in the area after the border clash. Chu Enlai asked Nehru to meet face-to-face to work out the basic principles of negotiations. He is ready to withdraw from the southern part of the McMahon Line in exchange for the Aqsa China. Nehru refrained from meeting until January 1960, and then agreed to meet on the advice of his ambassador and a few ministers. India has made several statements on the dispute, saying China's military action is endangering Moscow-Delhi relations.

In November, Khrushchev called the conflict a tragic and stupid story. Khrushchev's remarks made Indian diplomats understand that the Soviet Union had intervened directly in the conflict, but when evidence was sought to put pressure on Beijing. So the Soviet Union took the position that the Soviet Union had urged Beijing to negotiate as soon as possible. Khrushchev has remained neutral in this matter and he believes that the two friendly countries of the Soviet Union will resolve the dispute amicably.

In November 1960, Chinese officials persuaded Burma to come to Beijing to resolve the border dispute in order to set an example of a friendly settlement of the border dispute. China believed that Nehru should resolve the border dispute with the Burmese Prime Minister as soon as possible. Burma's PM estimates China wants to resolve border dispute with him before Khrushchev's visit to New Delhi to refute New Delhi's stance that China refuses to resolve disputes

Under pressure from Parliament and the media, Nehru agreed to the meeting and in a letter dated February 5, 1960, invited Chou Enlai not to negotiate but to come to New Delhi for a meeting.

In February and March, there were indications that Nehru was ready to accept the use of the Xinjiang-Tibet Road in China, while maintaining India's nominal control over Aqsa China. Chinese officials noticed this softening in India's stance and instead of meaningless meeting, they started preparing for meaningful talks. Despite rejecting Nehru's invitation to visit twice, Chinese officials reaffirmed their readiness. Lai's visit to New Delhi was agreed and a border agreement was signed with Nepal in March, just two months after the border agreement with Burma.

Indian officials stunned by Chou En-lai's proposal for a six-day visit to New Delhi with a high-level delegation Nehru's advisers noted that Nehru wanted a meeting with Chou En-lai to improve relations in New Delhi. The letter of acceptance of Chou En-lai's visit points to a concrete solution to the border dispute. When asked what Chou En-lai would do in New Delhi for six days, Nehru said that Chou En-lai in a meeting. Speakers can talk for 3 to 4 hours. Nehru was advised by his advisers not to change his mind in the meeting with Chou En-lai. In April, Chou En-lai arrived in New Delhi with a heavy delegation. Chou En-lai did not succeed. In 3 consecutive days of meetings, the Indian position on Ladakh did not change.

On this, Chou En-lai also refused to leave the occupied Indian territory. China had made accurate estimates of a softening of the Indian position in February and March, but these estimates were not correct by the end of April and Nehru's advisers tightened their position. These meetings had failed and Nehru left the matter to his subordinates to discuss the legal and historical aspects of the issue in meetings with his Chinese counterparts. Negotiations between the middle officials continued till the end of 1960 but fruitful. Could not

China discontinued regular military patrols and adopted a periodic patrol policy, ordering the army to refrain from firing. However, in November 1960, China realized that India did not intend to liberate the occupied territories because of its limited military capabilities. Chinese officials continue to build new posts despite suspension of patrols Chinese officials also gave their Indian counterparts a new map of the area during the talks, which included areas under Indian claim.

When India objected to the Chinese air patrol in the area, Chou En-lai asked Nehru to shoot down the planes so that he would know that the planes did not belong to China, but India was reluctant to do so and might have protested. India had accepted China's claim that the planes were American but refrained from openly acknowledging it. Until January 1961, China's policy was to have good relations with New Delhi and open war was considered impossible.

This was Chairman Mao's philosophy of tolerance in diplomacy. His idea was that we should give some leeway to the opposition in our struggle. In negotiations with India, China feared that Nehru or his entire government would justify these border clashes. It can be done or India can join the US faction and the US can set up bases in India to encircle China under this pretext.

Mao Zedong and Liu Shaichi, the first vice chairman of the Communist Party, also expressed these concerns in their October 1959 meetings with Ajay Ghosh, the chairman of the Communist Party of India. Seriously, American capitalists are trying to occupy the major nations in the region, especially those in neighboring the Soviet Union and China.

Burma, Japan, Pakistan, Nepal, Ceylon, India and other countries like Indonesia. These are the big countries that are trying to encircle the two great socialist countries, the Soviet Union and China. In this way, the American capitalists want to encircle the countries of the socialist camp militarily. They have succeeded in Pakistan and Burma. And in Indonesia they are still trying to repeat it, after the success in Pakistan the Americans are trying to do the same thing in India.

Concerns about a military siege of China were also reinforced by the behavior of General Kodinder Thamya, India's army chief from 1957 to 1961, who sought to remove Krishna Menon from the post of defense minister. Concerns were raised that India was also moving towards the completion of the US plan. Chinese officials believe that General Kodinder Thamia was a right-wing man who wanted to use India for US assistance under the guise of border clashes with China in order to isolate China. It is possible that Nehru may have decided in favor of the right wing but for the time being he wants to be prevented from doing so.

Despite his concerns about Nehru, Chinese officials considered him better than other Indian political and military leaders. The Party of India was directed to support Nehru as opposed to the right wing and thus adopted a policy of resolving the border dispute with India through dialogue in a conducive environment. Radhakrishnan's visit to Beijing is likely to be the starting point for talks

When the Chinese president delivered the letter on October 24, Nehru and the vice president of India were furious because on October 21, Chinese troops had shot dead 17 Indian soldiers, so the opportunity was lost on November 7. In a letter, he termed the talks as an urgent matter and wished an early meeting with Nehru to discuss the border dispute.

Chou En-lai also expressed fears of further border clashes in the future. Chou En-lai also suggested withdrawing troops from both countries 12 and a half miles from McMahon Line and LAC to create a conducive environment for talks. Lai's proposal was a new twist to his Sept. 8 proposal, which called for the border to be treated as it is and for unarmed border police to be deployed on the border instead of the army.

Nehru agreed that recognizing the McMahon Line as a border would recognize China's control over northern Ladakh. The proposed withdrawal of troops meant that troops would be withdrawn from certain posts. Nehru acknowledged this. On November 12, China informed India that it was ready to release 10 Indian soldiers (India used to call them Border Police) and return the bodies of 9 soldiers.

Prisoners and bodies handed over to India on November 14 Karam Singh, head of the arrested Indian military group, said the Chinese military had not used mortars in the October 21 clash, which sparked anti-China propaganda in India. On November 16, the Indian Foreign Ministry accused the imprisoned soldiers of torture and ill-treatment, and Karam Singh's statement about the brutality of the Chinese investigators was added. Wrote a letter to China and then imposed preconditions and demanded the withdrawal of troops from both sides throughout Ladakh in addition to the alleged evacuation of the occupied territory.

Nehru, Chu En Lai's proposal for a 12-and-a-half-mile withdrawal of troops on both sides of the border was rejected after talks between middle-ranking officials and a basic agreement were reached, rather than an immediate meeting. The pressure on Nehru inside India did not abate and the Army Chief threatened to resign if Krishna Menon was not removed. Nehru came to Parliament and defended Krishna Menon's patriotism and expressed hope that the Army Chief Instead of blaming Krishna Menon alone for the country's defense, Nehru said that national defense was the responsibility of the entire cabinet. He also said that since the area is under Chinese control, intelligence information is difficult

On December 17, Chou En-lai responded to Nehru's letter and reiterated Beijing's right to China more strongly than ever before. At the same time, Chou En-lai reiterated his earlier position on the withdrawal of troops from Ladakh. If not, how will we go back? Explaining the importance of Ladakh's transportation to Xinjiang and Tibet, Zhou Enlai said that since 1950, the Chinese army has been supplying supplies to Tibet through this route and since 1956, a road has been built here. India is unaware of this because the area has long been part of China. Chou En-lai wrote that he was ready to withdraw from the area occupied by Langzhou in August 1968, but that India would have to vacate 10 controversial posts in return. He called for a summit to be held in China or Rangoon on December 26, and said that ministerial-level meetings were futile before a major agreement could be reached.

On December 21, Nehru rejected Chou En-lai's proposals and did not come up with any new ones. Nehru said that he was ready to meet anywhere and anytime, but such meetings were of no use unless the facts were agreed upon. Opposition and media pressure tightened Nehru's stance. Chou En-lai was so optimistic about talks with his Indian counterpart that he contacted the Burmese prime minister to discuss a possible meeting, but Nehru refused. Thus the situation reached the point of the 1962 war and India suffered heavy losses and lost a large area.

The details of the Sino-Indian conflict have been lengthened, but its purpose was to clarify the thinking between China and India. And India's right wing is fully prepared to help it. Both India's prime minister and defense chief are right-wing, so China's fears are even stronger than at the time of Nehru. At the moment, only a group of army chiefs and politicians weigh on Nehru. Now India is completely immersed in nationalism. Nehru's India was somewhat neutral, but Modi's India is in America's lap.

US policy of encircling China in neighboring countries has taken two steps forward. Now the US is openly spreading separatism in Hong Kong. Taiwan is trying to get membership of international organizations as an independent country. US Navy's repeated patrol efforts in the South China Sea are not hidden.

China is threatening to retaliate against the spread of the corona virus by revealing the cause of the spread of the corona virus. The resolution on the investigation of the corona virus in the World Health Assembly is enough to provoke China. US sanctions on Chinese companies, taxes on Chinese products Increasingly, forcing companies to leave China is part of a larger plan. China is also signaling by opening a front in Ladakh. During a meeting of the Chinese parliament, Foreign Minister Wang Yi openly said that some US political forces want to push the two countries into the Cold War. Wang Yi warned that Washington Don't make the mistake of crossing the red line in Taiwan

Taiwan to integrate into China Responding to US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo's criticism of Hong Kong's special trade status and China's National Security Bill, the Chinese foreign minister said Hong Kong is China's internal affair and not the whole country. Stick to the intervention policy. The first front of the Cold War between China and the United States is Hong Kong. The US President has threatened a strong reaction if China's National Security Bill is implemented in Hong Kong. China will also be forced to open a front of its choice in this Cold War. And border tensions with India could be China's favorite front.

A question that the Americans used to ask the countries of the world with great reluctance, now the Chinese are also asking the same question, are you with us or against us? Southeastern countries Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Thailand keep ground air routes open to China until March

China has sent equipment and medical personnel to many countries around the world to fight the corona virus. European countries, including Italy, which are part of China's Belt and Road project, have gratefully received aid from China. In a way this was the question whether you are with us or against us? China has checked the mood of the countries with this campaign. Some countries have returned kits made for testing for the corona virus, citing defects, saying they are not with Beijing, including Spain, while Sweden has closed the Confucius Institute. After signing the Australian resolution in the World Health Assembly, India had also sent its response to Beijing. Thus, preparations have been made to start a new era of the Cold War, but perhaps it has already begun. Confession remains.